78 PAUMACARIU The Tarangaka' with its forms (1) 6+1(UNU) +4+-- (UU-- )+u- and (2)* + U-U + UU+UC - +U- and the Plavangama (6 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 3, beginning with and ending in a heavy syllable) are fundamentally the same as the Mañjari and these together with the Māgadhanar- kuți, Narkutaka and Samanarkutaka (in its Sanskrit and Prakrit forms) appear to be but variations of one basic type. Irregularities: 19 12 1 6: Two moras too few. Seanion : UVO TU TU -- The 2. Gana is defective. or B. Metres employed in the G hattă. General Observations: The closing piece of the Kadavaka is variously called Dhruvā, Dhruvaka, Ghattā" Chaddaņiā', though Mss. always have only Ghattā. Every Sandhi as a rule opens with a stanza, generally but not invariably, in the same metre in which the Ghattās of that Sandhi are composed. Occasion- ally the Mss. call this Sandhi-commencing stanza Dhruvaka. The metre employed in the Ghattās of a Sandhi is different from one used in the main body of its Kadavakas, the purpose being the indication, while rcciting, of the end of the Kadavaka and the topic. According as the metre is two-lined, four-lined or six-lined, it comes under the respective categories of Dipadi, Catuspadi, Sayadi. Catuspadis again fall under any of the divisions Sarva-samă (all the four Padas of equal measure), Ardhasamā (the first Päda equal to the second, the third equal to the fourth), Antarasamā or Ardhasama (the first equal to the third, the second equal to the fourth) and Samkirņā (mixture of the above varieties). All the Ghattās of a particular Sandhi are composed, generally but not invariably, in the same metre. This also appears to be the significance of the designations Dhruvā and Dhruvaka, though Hemacandra' takes them to mean “unfailingly occurring (at the beginning of the Sandhi and end of Kadavakas)'. But compare the term Dhruvapada 'refrain' occurring in Early Gujarati and Early Hindi poetry. Structurally the Ghatta corresponds to Valor or Uthlo found in the Early Gujarati Akhyānakāvyas. Value of the end syllable in the Ghattā Thanks to the disappointing insufficiency of the original sources and to the loose treatment of the subject by the ancient writers, Ap. prosody presents several perplexing problems. But of these the problem of properly determining the metre of the Ghattâs is the (1) trişu api Magadhanarkuti-Narkutaka-Samanarkutakeşu antyasya catur.nitrasya sthäne trimátrah ced bhavati tadá Taranyakam Ch. 32 b/third and second line from cnd. (2) sa-ladala-ca-catad gau Magadhanarkuţi; sah ced Narkutakam; na-la-ga-ja-sah sa-sau yadi tada Samallarkutakan Ch. 326 11-18. (3) (a) Sandhyādau Kadavakante ca dhruvam syäd iti Dhruvā, Dhruvakam, Ghatta va Ch. V 1. (b) Sandhi-muhe Kadavante Dhuva ca Dhuvayam ca Ghattă vă Chardahkanricli as quoted at KD., 39; see also KD. 38. (4) For Chaddaniki sec below. (5) tasyante (=Kadavakasyante) dhruvam niscitar syad tti Dhruva, Dhruvakam. Ghattā veti saṁjñāntaram Ch. V 1 Con.
