INTRODUCTION 71 $115. Gerundives: jīvevae 2 8 4, parihevae 2 8 4, pievae 2 12 5, jievāho Tuevāho 7 8 8. $116. Compound verbs: There are several instances of compounding a participal with a verbal form to express tense-variation. Thus past passive parti- ciple is combined either with asi 'was' to express a past perfect sense or with 'si to express a present perfect sense. kahiu asi 'had been told' 1 12 8. kiu asi 'had been committed' 2 13 9b. pesiya asi 'had been sent 2 15 1. samappiu asi 'had been made over' 4 4 9a. vuttau asi "had been said' 5 5 5. jão asi 'had been born' 6 15 2. giliya asi 'would have been swallowed' 19 8 10b. nimmantio 'si 'you have been invited' 16 13 5. dhukko 'si 'you have approached' 10 10 8. $117. The order of the members of a compound is altered according to metrical convenience. Note the following instances: kammatthaº- 1 1 4, vaya-pañcaº- 1 1 5, accanta-mahanta- patta-siva- 1 1 11, puccha-paihara- 6 11 5, lãngüla-paihara- 6 11 8, bhava-saṁsāra-mahannava-ņāsiya- 5 16 3, pavara- bhuva-phaliha-diha 7 5 1. VII Some Syntactical Remarks. $118. In Bharahesara-Vähuvali vi te vi, āsaņņaim dhukkaim valaim ve vi 4 4 7 the common predicate of the compound subject takes the gender of the following member. Case usages. $119. Instrumental: a) Inst. instead of Loc.: dāhiņa-bhaer Bharahu thakku 1 11 8a. 'Bharata was situated in the Southern division.' b) Inst. absolute for Loc. absolute: paim honteņa, havantu asesaim 2 10 8; dhammer hontaeña, deva vi seva karanti 6 14 9a; ņīsarień pura- paramesareņa, ņīsariya vīra 12 7 8. $120. Genitive: The Ap. Gen. has a very wide province. It has usurped the functions of several other cases. a) As Dat. is lost as a rule in MIA., verbs of giving govern Gen.: tujjhu äsi samappiu 4 4 9a; tam taho dei 3 12 5; samappevi nandanaho 6 8 5; mālau paraho uvasoha denti 634. Another Dat. usage: haum punu jāmi, thāmi riya-kajjaho 5 14 1. b) Verbs of motion govern Gen. of goal: Risahu gau ņivvānaho 4 14 9a, Ajiya-bhadārau gau nivvāņaho 5 10 2, gau niya-pagpanaho 6 8 5, turangamu gayau pacchima-bhāyaho 5 4 1, Kikkapuresaraho leku gau 6 16 3, sariyau dhoyanti salilu rayanāyaraho 6 3 3, jasu dhukkai, so so lei ņāsu 7 5 7.
