INTRODUCTION U U atte w.ut v. The form iu l' enjoys he preference (about 42 p.c.). is the least preferred form. The commonest forin of the 3. Gana is UU- (about 69 p.c.). Next comes (about 25 p.c.), tiv ut occurs rarely. The 4. Gana is usually tt, only about 18 p.c. cases are These results are in agreement with those obtatned in the case of the Sandesaräsaka stanzas, while they are at divergence with Alsdorf's findings concerning the Vadanaka stanzas in the Hari- vamsapurāna, wherein LUU-U is frequent in the 1. Gana. The Sankulaka described as a Samacatuspadi (scheme 6.4+ 4 + 2) at SC., VI 160; Rậj. 172; Ch. V. 28 Com. It seems to be the same as the Vadanaka, except that it ends in, not in uu. The famous Hindi epic Rāmacaritamanasa of Tulsidās is composed in this metre; the last two shorts of our metre appear there contracted as a rule into a long. It has come to be known as Copāí or Caupää in the early vernacular literature. (24). Pāraṇaka. Occurrence. 1. (1., 3. Kadavakas), 5. (6. Kadavaka), 6., 9. (1., 11., 13.-14. Kadavakas), 12., 15., 19. Sandhis. It is employed in five whole out of twenty Sandhis, or in 77 out of 285 Kadavakas. It is a 15-moraic metre. Its structure is identical with that of the Paddhadikā except that the last Gana has the form tut instead of It'u't!. In other words omitting the first short and preferring i v for the middle of the last Gana of the Paddhadikā gives the Pāraṇaka. Everything else said in connec- tion with the structure of the Paddhadika applies in principle to the Paranaka. The form -l in the last Gana is very rare. The Paranaka is described among the Samacatuşpadi Dhruvas along with the Pādākulaka, Sankulaka and Paddhaçika by $C. VI 159 (Aranaa is a blunder for Paranaka); Ráj. 170, Ch. VI 29. Though it is described here as a Catuşpadi, like the Paddhadikā it is used as a Dvipadi in the Kadavaka. Svayambhủ gives' two Gana-schemes for the Paranaka: 4 + 4 + 4 + 3 or 6 + 4 + 5. The latter is not applicable to our lines. The use of a 15-moraic metre in constructing the Kadavakas may appear as going against the above-quoted general statement of Svayambhū (šС. VIII 30) that a 16-moraic metre is to be ema ployed for building up the Kadavaka. But difference between the Paddhaļia and the Paranaka is slight and the latter can be well Jooked upon as a modified form or variation of the former". It is characteristic of the Apabhrarśa prosodists that such an important metre is not described independently. It is noticed along with a host of other metres among the Samacatuşpadi Dhruvās. 2. The Variation Metres. For the sake of variation, & Kadavaka here and there is com- posed in a non-Paddhaạikā type of metre, or occasionally through- (1) serve pannāraha-mattak, ta(i)ca-taara-sarjattaa'have/ cha-ca-pa-ganehim sambaddhaă, [P]āranaassa ime paaa// (2) I. old Gujarati verse literature a 15-moraic metre is very popularly used for building up the frame of the narrative. But it is devised from the Vadanaka by omitting its last mora, and hence is different from the Paranaka. It is known as copai and is described by the Chandak kose (40; af. Biso 20) under the name Laghucopai.
