54 PAUMACARNU with e prevails, and if arranged according to the number of forms in e, A., P. and S. would be the order of the Mss. In other words A. has the strongest tendency to spell the abovementioned forms with e as compared with P. or S., while S. has the greatest number of forms in i when compared with P. or S. Regarding -e of L. sing. and -he of Abl. G., Ms. A. and to a lesser degree P. tend to preserve the original spelling as contrasted with the modernized -i and-hi of. S. In all the above cases short e is given in the constituted text. Even in those few places where all the three Mss. have -i, I have given -e in the constituted text but with a wavy underline to indicate its hypohetical character so to speak. Only in the case of the empha- tic particle (i)je and jema, etc., the alternative forms (j)ji and jima, etc., are accepted in the text when none of the Mss. had the former. Regarding all the cases cited in the beginning of this arti- cle evidence supplied by the Mss. is sufficiently strong for conclud- ing that e is original, i its later development $6. These remarks relating to the orthography of short e apply also to the orthography of short o and Anunāsika. In the con- stituted text the short e in open syllables has been throughout marked. b) in closed syllables. $7. In closed syllables, e and o are invariably short according to the rules of MIA. phonetics. Hence they have not been express- ly indicated in the constituted text. Regarding closed e and o ap- pearing in the seam of a compound, the general tendency of the Mss. is to write them as i and u (gainda- =gajendra-, Maņusuttara- =Manuşyottara-). I have followed this practice unless my best Mss. spell otherwise. 2. Short 0. a) in open syllables. $8. Short o is evidenced in the following forms and vocables: 1. G. sing. of masc./neut. A and U stems in -aho, -uho. 2. V. pl. of masc. neut. A stems in -aho. 3. Imper. 2. pl. in -aho.. 4. The pronominal forms so, ko, ohu. 5. Indeclinables: ho, aho, tatthaho, etc. $9. What is said in connection with short e holds good for short o also. In the constituted text the Genitive and Vocative forms have been spelt with short o. The Imperative forms are spelt with u also when none of the Mss. has o. The short o in open sylla- bles has been throughout marked. 3. The Anunāsika or Nasalization $10. The Anunāsika is found in the following forms and voca- cles: 1. N. Sing. of enlarged neut. A stems in -aum. 2. N.A. plur. of neut. A stems in -aim. 3. I. plur, and L. plur. of all stems and L. sing: of fem. A stems and all I and I stems with the ending - him, 4. G. plur. of A stems in -ahum, -ahā. 5. G. plur. of I stems and feminine stems with the ending him. 6. -ahum of the first person plural. 7. Pronominal forms haum, amhaim, maim, tuhum, tumhain, paim, kāiņ. 8. Indeclinables: naim, ņāim, saim, sahum, nahim, mahim, ghaim, jahim, etc., jaiyahum, etc., jāvehim, etc., evahim. gin. The remarks made while considering the orthography of short e hold good here also. P. more than S. and A. more than P.
