(6) परमार्थसोपान Saints may be of use to students of Hindi Llitera- ture, but it will be of much value to students of other Provincial Literatures. The section on Rheto. ric in Paramartha Sopan will be useful not merely to students of Hindi Rhetoric, but to students of Rhetoric in other provincial languages of India also, at the same time that with its criticism of the Sanskrit Rhetoricians it may be said to break some new ground in the general science of Rhetoric from the psychological and philosophical points of view. 3. The Importance of the Hindi Language We all know the great importance that is now attached to the Hindi language. But it is grati- fying to note that the present selection was made before Hindi became the national language of India. In these days, from every platform we hear an enthusiastic eulogy of the Hindi language both from those who know Hindi, as well as those who do not. But one's expression of regard for any language should not end with a mere lip-loyalty or encomium on it. We, therefore, take the liberty of asking how many members of the Union and State Legislatures can lay their hands on their hearts, and claim a first-hand acquaintance with the national language and its literature? Too much has been made of the difference between Hindi and Hindustani, but the difference is not of much significance as the chief centres of Hindi language such as Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Agra and Alla-
