doing"—you will use the following different expressions :- “Apka sarir kusal hai? kshem hai ? swasth hai ? Mizaji mubarak, Mizaji mukaddas, Mizaji sharif ? Apka mizaj kaisa hai ? Tohar jiu kaisan batai ? hau kaisan baya ? kaisan hoe, &c. &c.," according as you are a pandit, a munshi, a citizen or a villager. When you observe such vast variety in one and the same common dialect used in one and the same place, what can you say of the language used throughout the entire province ? The vernacular of this province therefore varies according to the caste, birthplace, and attainments of the speaker, I would therefore call the vernacular of the province the dialect spoken by the classes of people in public places and on public occasions : for instance at royal Durbars, Courts, public meetings, &c., &c., or the dialect in which books are written. Thus it will be seen that out of features of the vernacular of this province as noted above, only two, viz., Brajbhasha and Khariboli, attract attention. Brajbhasha is used in Hindi poetical composition, and Khariboli under two different disguises is spoken all over the province. The latter consequently, when spoken with abundant use of Persian words and written in Persian character, is styled "Urdu”, and when free from such foreign mixture and written in Nagri character, is termea Hindi. Thus we come to the conclusion that there is no real difference between Urdu and Hindi. But in these days the two forms of our vernacular occupy the thoughts of the people and afford to them an attractive topic of discussion and a theme for long debates and harangues. The Muhammadans and their fellow companions, such as the Kayasths of Benares and Allahabad, the Agarwalas and Khattris of the more western portion of the provinces, call this dialect Urdu, and there are several reasons for their doing so. The Muhammadans for a long time were the ruling power in India, and consequently the dialect spoken by them was considered in these provinces as most respectable. Those who wished to be looked upon as fashionable or polite to public meetings or other assemblages spoke Urdu, and many have recourse to the same practice up the present day. Excellence in Urdu is imagined to be contained in the use of big and high sounding Persian words to such a degree of profusion as to leave only the verb of the sentence Hindi. The respect that Urdu commands in the British rule is owing to its being the court language of the province. The Musalmans not only have a sharp and oily tongue, but are also very forward and headstrong, and this is the cause why they over-power other people. By the time the Hindus think to convene a meeting to address the Government and ask it to introduce Hindi, the Musalmans will have protested the Government to
भारतेन्दु समग्र २०५६
