INTRODUCTION 57 of i and u as stem-finals is somewhat indifferent. Hence irrespective of the original character of the stem-final, it is lengthened or short- ened in accordance with the metrical requirement. Thus Vähuvali- 4 7 7, 48, naliņi- 6 3 6, kodżyau and payadiyau 3 11 6, Sayambhu- 1 3 1. c) Lengthening in stray cases: paisai (pravićati) 4 1 8,5 92, paisarai (connected with pravis-) 4'1 as against païsarai 4 11 joisiya- (jyautişika-) 3 5 7. $24. Stray vowel changes: Instead of the usual appaņu (atmanah) we have appunu at 5 14 4, 7 10 3, 10 12 8 etc. nirurumva nikuramba-) 4 10 6,4 11 9 and khuruppa- (kşurapra-) 15 5 3 against khurappa- 11 11 7 are due to assimilation, while maüda- (mukuta-) 3 5 1 and maüla- (mukula-) 3 7 7 are the results of dissimilation; iya (iti) 1 1 19 is an instance of a final -i changing to ya. Note also līh 17 7 8 and liha- 15 12 Ickhā- and riha- 11 4 5 from rekha. $25. Contraction of vowels in contact: a) contraction of the -aya- at the end of enlarged stems to - e.g. bhadārā 1 1 1 etc., -särā- 1 1 7, bhaviya- 1 1 8, mahisa- 1 10 8, kusuma- 14 2 5, davana- 14 2 5, pahārā- 16 13 9, padīvā, 5 6 8, 5 12 5, 5 12 9 etc., Pavaņañ- jaya- 19 10 4. Suloyanā- 5 4 7. b) Contraction of -aya, resulting from the -aka- of the agentive to ū as in gavesā 14 10 10, pasāhā 10 12 7, -uttarā 1 1 1, -hakkārā 2 10 9, muhavekkhā 10 2 7, bhunja (?) 14 2 7, -gáro- (kāraka-) 1 1 14,2 6 10 etc. c) Contraction of the original -aya- at the end of a stem to -1 as in jinäla- jinālaya- 62 5. d) Contraction of two medial vowels in contact as in andhūraya- (andhakāra- enl.) 10 1 9, akkhādaya- (akşavāțaka-) 4 11 2, vīma- (vyāyānia-) 4 11 5, thera- (sthavira-) 1 42, janera- 1*jana-kara-) 4 132, mora- (mayūra-) 3 4 5, Ujjha- (Ayodhyā-) 4 14 9 against Ajjjha- 4 1, pādihera- (prâtihārya-) 3 3 10, -keraya- -karya- enl.); various cases of contraction of the preposition ava- to o- $26. Preservation of intervocalic stops (instead of elision) either unchanged or by voicing or by geminating: Kumbhi-pāka- 11 9 7, Kaïkasi- 9 2 5, Kaïkaseu (kaikaseyah) 10 10 7, Kaüsiki Kauśiki) 9 6 2, Kamuka- 5 8 3, Ikkhukka- (*Ikşvuka-?) 5 1 2, Sakkeya- (Saketa-) 5 11 4,2 2 5 (all proper names), lakkuļi- (lakuți-) 11 6 4, -garaya (-kāraka-) 5 1 5 against-käri- 4 5 9 and -yäri- 6 9 6; Bhigu (Bhgu) 16 6 6, naga- 1 92, agara. (akara-) 4 2 3, maragaya- (marakata-) 1 4 3, mayagala- (mada-kala-) 1 15 1, vaiya- garaņa- (vaiyākarana-) 7 14 4, Payaga- (Prayaga-) 2 114, jogesara- (yogesvara-) 5 15 2, nakkha (nakha-) 14 5 7, Máricca- (Mürica-) 10 1 2. Vtay- (Vtyaj-) 7 12 3, Kaütilla- (Kau- ţilya-) 16 6 3, Važtaraņi 11 93, 9, 11 10 15, -atisaya- (atiśaya-) 1 73, Gottama- (Gautama-) 19 8,5 1, ņitti- (nīti.) 7 12 1, 16 2 1, -sotta- Isrotas-) 2 1 8, Jimutta- (Jimūta-) 20 6 7, 17 11 8, Toyadavāhaņa- 5 7 7,5 9 11, ubhaya- 1 2 4. $27. Most of the following instances of - becoming -l are known to Prakrit also: -phaliha- (sphatika-) 6 5 2, pilana- (pidana-) 1 4 4, ņiyalaya- (nigada enl.) 1 5 6, .talāya-(tadãga-) 2 2 3, -kila- (krīdā-) 5 1 7, 14 11, 4, palitta- (pradīdpta-) 7 11 9, 13 3 2, solaha- (sodaśa-) 2 4 4. $28. Occasionally intervocalic -m- is changed to nasalized -v- which is as a rule written as -v- in the Mss. davanā (damanaka-) 14 4 5, Haridavaņa- (Haridamana-) 15 10 5, Vpanava- (prat-nam-) 1 1 1, ņāvālaya- (=nāmavat-) 6 16 4, ravannaya- (*Tamanyaka-) 2 2 2, ņikkhavana- (niskramana-) 2 11 4, mīsāvanņa- (niḥsamanya4 5 4,
