२० पुस्तक प्रवेश चुकी थीं, और जब कि औरङ्गजेब तक के शासनकाल में देश के पूरब से पच्छिम और दक्खिन से उपर तक प्रजा में चारों ओर अलौकिक मुख • समृद्धि और सुशासन दिखाई देता था । निस्सन्देह मज़हब के नाम पर इङ्गलिस्तान के अन्दर जिन भयङ्कर अत्याचारों का अपर ज़िक्र श्राया है, उनके सामने औरङ्गज़ेर को धार्मिक सङ्कीर्णता भी उदारता थी । यही हालत उस समय शेष अधिकांश यूरोप की थी। हमें यह भी याद रखना चाहिए कि इङ्गलिस्तान की यह हालन १८ वीं सदी के शुरू तक बनी रही। इसी population bardly reached five millions It was a systens of orgar 212ed labour, the possession of land being a trust, not a property. But now commerce was begining to disturb the foundations on which all these arrange- ments had heen sustained, and to compel a new distribution of population; trading companies were being established men were unsettled by the rum- Ours Or realities of immense fortunes rapidly gained in fareign adventure, ___A ration coalliterate that many ot its peers in Parliament could nextber read nor write, to sogreat an extent had these imthuoralities gone that at was openly asserted that there were oue hundred thonsand women In England made dissolute by the clergv. . The wilest crime in an ecelesiastic might be commuted for money, r shillings and eight pence being suficient in the case of martal sun the close of the seventeenth century. London was dirty, ill-~-built, without suntary provisions . . Wild knemals roamed here and there a the rainy seasons the roads were all but impassable , It was no uncommon thing for persons to lose ther wav, and have to spend the nigbrout in the air Between places of considerable importance the roads were sometimes very Tattle knowth, and such was the difficulty for wheeled carriages thatha pracipal mode of trunsport was by pack-horses, ot which passengers took advantage, stowing themselves away between the packs Toward the close of the century what were ternued 'flying coaches' Con]d move at the rate of from thirty to fifty miles in a day . near the sources of the Tyne there were people scarcely less savage than American Indians, ther hallinaked
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